Late in the spring, he marched away to California, after having expressed to the President that it was “his unqualified opinion, based on personal acquaintance, that Brigham Young is [was] the most suitable person for the office of Governor.” Brigham’s views of the winter’s proceedings, on the other hand, were expressed in a sermon preached in the Tabernacle, the Sunday after the departure of the Lieutenant-Colonel, in which he repeated his declaration of three years previous: —, “I am, and will be, governor, and no power can hinder it, until the Lord Almighty says, ‘Brigham, you need not be governor any longer.’” And he added, — “I do not know what I shall say next winter, if such men make their appearance here as some last winter. See the article in its original context from July 8, 1857, Page 5 Buy Reprints. Since the revelation of the processes of the Endowment, which was first fully made by a young apostate named John Hyde, other dissenters, real and pretended, have attempted to impose on the public exaggerated accounts of these ceremonies; but in justice to the Mormon Church it ought to be said, that there is no foundation for the reports that they are such as would outrage decency. Sleet poured down upon the column from morning till night. The martial fervor ran so high that even the boys paraded with wooden spears and guns, and the little ragamuffins were inspected and patted on the head by venerable and veritable Fathers of the Church. Another class of stragglers, and one most dangerous to the peace of the camp, was composed of the thousand teamsters who were discharged from employment on the supply-trains. It was thought advisable to send a supply for eighteen months, so that the trains exceeded in magnitude those which would accompany an army of twenty thousand in ordinary operations on the European continent, where dépôts could be established along the line of march. Property is distributed unjustly, the bulk of real and personal estate in the Territory being vested in the Church and its directors, between whom and the mass of the population there exists a difference in social welfare as wide as between the Russian nobleman and his serf. The other divisions followed within the week, and the whole force was concentrated. It was the 16th of November when the vanguard reached that post, which the Mormons had abandoned the week before. The opening at the top caused a draught, by means of which a fire could be kept up beneath the tripod without choking the inmates with smoke. Not a tree is visible, except the thin fringe of cottonwoods on the margin of the river, all of which upon the south bank, where the road runs, were hewed down and burned at every convenient camp, during the great California emigration. Message to the House of Representatives on the Utah Expedition. Gunnison, having caught the exploration bug during his previous expeditions in Florida and Michigan, was thrilled to … But the majority hung around the camp. The ample supplies of some articles were rendered unavailable by deficiencies in other articles equally necessary. If General Henry Knox, of Revolutionary memory, the first Secretary of War of the Republic, had dreamed that the successor to his portfolio, after an interval of seventy years, would recommend to Congress the purchase of a thousand camels for military purposes, he would have attributed the fancy to excited nerves or a too hearty dinner. Their voyage covered more than 8,000 miles in less than two-and-a-half years. This document was sent to Salt Lake City by a Mormon prisoner who was released for the purpose. Though the troops left Utah at the outbreak of the Civil War, the presence for three years of thousands of troops and camp followers ended the Latter-day Saint dream of a Zion geographically separate and distant from the world of unbelievers. Congress, over almost unanimous Republican opposition, authorized two new volunteer regiments, and Buchanan, Secretary of War John B. Floyd, and Army Chief of Staff Winfield Scott assigned 3,000 additional regular troops to reinforce the Utah Expedition. Two days after he left the city, a proclamation was issued by Young, in his capacity of Governor, in which the army was denounced as a mob and forbidden to enter the Territory, and the people of Utah were summoned to arms to repel its advance. Gove, Jesse Augustus, 1824-1862. bumping to spine ends, else … Search. In it lies the root of the evasion, and finally subversion, of Federal authority which occasioned the recent military expedition to Utah. Though both American, each organization possessed unique social and cultural factors that influenced its employment of Mission Command. The Governor sent also, by the same messenger, a letter to Brigham Young, in which there were expressions that indicated a disposition to temporize. Author:: Gove, Jesse Augustus, 1824-1862: Author:: Hammond, Otis Grant, 1869-1944: Author:: New York herald in some sort, the aspect of retributive justice. On the 27th of October, the column moved forwards. Had he dreamed, further, that the grotesque mounted corps was to be employed in regions two thousand miles beyond the frontier of the Anglo-Saxon pioneer of 1789, to guard travel to an actual El Dorado, the vision would have appeared still more extraordinary. At that fort, about twenty miles west from the encampment of the army, the Mormon marauding parties had their head-quarters and principal dépôt. Towards the close of September, he arrived at Fort Leavenworth. They took pains to conduct the Captain through the well-kept gardens and blooming fields, to show him their household comforts, the herds of cattle, the stacks of hay and grain, and all their public improvements, in order to present a contrast between such plenty and prosperity and such a scene of desolation as they depicted. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. Johnston’s departure from Utah is described in Fitz John Porter, “A Characteristic (Mormon) Conspiracy. THE UTAH EXPEDITION de UNITED STATES. The troops detailed for the service were the Fifth Infantry, then busy fighting Billy Bowlegs among the everglades of Florida, — the Tenth Infantry, which was stationed at the forts in Upper Minnesota, — the Second Dragoons, which was among the forces assembled at Fort Leavenworth, to be used, if necessary, in Kansas, at the requisition of Governor Walker, — and Phelps’s light-artillery battery, the same which so distinguished itself at Buena Vista, under the command of Captain Washington. But before the succession of General Pierce to the Presidency, its evil results became apparent, in the expulsion of civil officers from the Territory and the subversion of all law. Following thence the North Fork of the Platte, and its tributary, the Sweetwater, — so named by an old French trapper, who had the misfortune to upset a load of sugar into the stream, — it emerges from the Black Hills into scenery of a different character. On Blacks Fork there was no grass for their support. Hole in the Rock Expedition. A system of polytheism has been ingrafted on the creed, according to which there are grades among the Gods, there being no Supreme Ruler of all, but the primeval Adam of Genesis being the deity highest in spiritual rank, and Christ, Mahomet, Joseph Smith, and, finally, Brigham Young, partaking also of divinity. The office of Governor of the Territory was offered by the President to various persons, and finally accepted, July 11th, by Alfred Cumming, a brother of the Cumming of Georgia who fought multitudinous duels with McDuffie of South Carolina, all of which both parties survived. President Young announced on March 23, 1858, that all settlements in northern Utah must be abandoned and prepared for burning if the army came in. Apparently influenced by reports from Judge W. E. Drummond and other former territorial officials, Buchanan and his cabinet decided that the Latter-day Saints would reject a non-Mormon governor. In it lies the root of the evasion, and finally subversion, of Federal authority which occasioned the recent military expedition to Utah. The Utah Expedition. BYU Studies 29 (Fall 1989):65-88. Paperback – October 15, 2011 by Jesse Augustus Gove (Author), Otis G. Hammond (Editor) See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions On the 17th of September, he left Fort Leavenworth, and by rapid travel overtook Colonel Smith while he was engaged in collecting the trains which he intended to escort to the main body. It is also significant for making available once again an impressive collection of key documents. Most of the civil officers, however, dug square holes in the ground, over which they built log huts, plastering the cracks with mud. Brevet Brigadier-General Harney was assigned to the command-in-chief an officer of a rude force of character, amounting often to brutality, and careless as to those details of military duty which savor more of the accountant’s inkstand than of the drum and fife, but ambitious, active, and well acquainted with the character of the service for which he was detailed. The sufferings of his naked escort on the journey were severe. Congress, over almost unanimous Republican opposition, authorized two new volunteer regiments, and Buchanan, Secretary of War John B. Floyd, and Army Chief of Staff Winfield Scott assigned 3,000 additional regular troops to reinforce the Utah Expedition. Sessions. The Utah Expedition provides tremendous insight into the employment of Mission Command by two opposing forces, the US Army and the Nauvoo Legion. Their little town they named Eckelsville, after the Chief Justice. This correspondence was now abruptly terminated by Colonel Johnston. This letter contained, besides, certain threats concerning the treatment of prisoners, and reminded Colonel Johnston that the Mormons also had prisoners in their power, on whom anything which might befall those in camp should he retaliated. A scene of the maddest confusion ensued, which was heightened by the inflammatory speeches of the Mormon leaders. This is part one of a three-part series. Soon after Christmas, Kane received Buchanan's permission to go to Utah, via Panama and California, as an unofficial mediator. Many of the doctrines whispered in 1847 only to those who had been admitted to the penetralia of the Nauvoo Temple are proclaimed unblushingly in 1857 from the pulpit in the Tabernacle at Salt Lake City. Second, in his expedition through Utah the following year (1845), Frémont spent some two weeks in the vicinity of both Utah Lake and the Great Salt Lake. About thirty miles west of Green River he was met by a party of Mormons, who escorted him, accompanied only by his servant, to the city. Brigham Young, still acting as governor, declared martial law and deployed the Nauvoo Legion to delay the troops with "scorched earth" tactics. He decided to send them all to Henry’s Fork, thirty-five miles south of Fort Bridger, where he had at one time designed to encamp with the whole army. Also, Hayden"s thorough study of neighboring Colorado south of King's Fortieth-Parallel Surveys had some relevance to Utah as a result of contributions to current knowledge of the state's eastern boundary. Libro nuevo o segunda mano, sinopsis, resumen y opiniones. The dividing ridge between the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific is reached in the South Pass, at the foot of a spur of the Wind River range, a group of gigantic mountains, whose peaks reach three thousand feet above the line of perpetual snow. “How not to do it” had evidently been the motto of the Quartermaster’s Department. When the first reports of Kane's contacts with General Johnston were discouraging, the apprehension was reinforced. But that’s exactly what the folks on a sheep-counting expedition (truly) in a remote area of southern Utah did over the weekend.As reported by local NBC affiliate KSL TV, a helicopter crew from the Utah … He resolved, very properly, in view of his seniority, to assume the command-in-chief until General Harney should arrive from the East. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. Thefts and assaults became frequent, and promised to multiply as the season advanced. During the summer of 1855, he led a battalion overland, wintering in Salt Lake City. And this ceremony is not a mere empty form of words. In April, 1857, before the snow had begun to melt on the mountains, all of them, in a party led by Surveyor-General Burr, were on their way to the States, happy in having escaped with life. The settlements in New Mexico are less than seven hundred miles distant from Fort Bridger, and to them he resolved to apply. In some of its arrangements it seemed to have proceeded on the presumption that there would be an armed collision, while in others the probability of such an event was entirely disregarded. : Utah Expedition, 1857-1858) Wikipedia, viewed February 11, 2013 :(Utah Expedition, also known as the Utah War, Utah Campaign, Buchanan's Blunder, Mormon War, Mormon Rebellion, was an armed confrontation between Mormon settlers and the United States Government, from May 1857 to July 1858, located in Utah and … On the 13th of October, eight hundred oxen were cut off from the rear of the army and driven to Salt Lake Valley. In 1857 General Albert Sidney Johnston (1803–1862) was sent to oversee 2500 troops escorting new federal officials to Utah during a tense time between the Mormons and the federal government known as the Utah War. For more than a fortnight the army toiled along Ham’s Fork, cutting a road through thickets of greasewood and wild sage, incumbered by a train of such unwieldy length that often the advance-guard reached its camp at night before the rear-guard had moved from the camp of the preceding day, and harassed by Mormon marauding parties from the Fort, which hung about the flanks out of the reach of rifle-shot, awaiting opportunities to descend on unprotected wagons and cattle. The three United States judges, Kinney, Drummond, and Stiles, were presented to the public stripped of all judicial sanctity; — Kinney, the Chief Justice, as the keeper of a grocery-store, dance-room, and boarding-house, enforcing the bills for food and lodging against his brethren of the law by expulsion from the bar in case of non-payment, and so tenacious of life, that, before departing from the Territory, he solicited and received from Brigham Young a patriarchal blessing; Drummond, as an amorous horse-jockey, who had taken to Utah, as his mistress, a drab from Washington, and seated her beside him once upon the bench of the court; Stiles as himself a Mormon, so far as the possession of two wives could make him one. Colonel Alexander had arrived at the place of rendezvous some days previously, being no nearer Salt Lake City November 3d than he had been a month before. On this occasion, the celebration was held in Cottonwood Cañon, one of the wildest and grandest gorges among the Wahsatch Mountains, opening at the foot of the Twin Peaks, about twenty miles southeast from Salt Lake City. He resolved to establish winter-quarters in the vicinity of Fort Bridger, and on the 6th of November the advance towards that post commenced. In their political bearing, however, they are more important, and justly liable to the severest censure. The view at this point, from the mouth of Emigration Cañon, is enchanting. The mission of Smith and Taylor failed, as might have been expected, — the Chairman of the Committee on Territories, Mr. Grow, of Pennsylvania, refusing even to present their Constitution to the House, — and they prepared to return to Utah. In the settlements of Utah all the wood consumed is hauled from the cañons, which are usually lined with pines, firs, and cedars, while the broadsides of the mountains are nothing but terraces of volcanic rock. Confidence and even gayety were restored to the camp, by the consciousness that it was commanded by an officer whose intelligence was adequate to the difficulties of his position. It would have been well, had his advice prevailed; but it was overruled, and the preparations for the expedition were commenced. When this document reached the troops, they had already crossed the Territorial line, and were prepared for its reception by the report of Captain Van Vliet as he passed them on his return to the States. The hand of man could hardly add an improvement to the highway along which, from the Missouri to the Great Basin, Nature has presented not a single obstacle to the progress of the heaviest loaded teams. On the 20th of November, Colonel Cooke reached the camp with a command entirely incapacitated for active service. Most of the other civil officers who were commissioned about the same time with Colonel Steptoe arrived the August after he had departed. The struggle with the elements, during the last two hundred miles before gaining Fort Bridger, was desperate. Along the Platte there is no fuel. On the Pacific lies El Dorado; among the fastnesses of the Rocky Mountains there is a community which blends the voluptuousness of Bagdad with the economy of Cape Cod; and within two years a regiment of camel-riders will be scouring the Great American Plains after Cheyennes, Navajoes, and Camanches. The Utah question, grave though it was, was forgotten in the excitement concerning Kansas, or remembered only by the Republican party, as enabling them to stigmatize more pungently the political theories of the Illinois Senator, by coupling polygamy and slavery, “twin relics of barbarism,” in the resolution of their Philadelphia Platform against Squatter Sovereignty. Hole in the Rock Expedition. And its absurdity would have seemed complete, if he had fancied the high road of this travel as leading through a community essentially Oriental in its social and political life, which was nevertheless ripening into a State of the American Union. During “the campaign of Ham’s Fork,” as Colonel Alexander’s march up and down that stream was facetiously called by the Mormons, he had been in constant receipt of communications from Young, of a character similar to the letter in which the army was commanded to surrender its arms at Fort Bridger. The day was memorable in the history of the expedition. Throughout this vast line of road, the only white inhabitants are the garrisons of the military posts, the keepers of mail-stations, and voyageurs and mountaineers, whose cabins may be found in every locality favorable to Indian trade. The Utah Expedition 1857 - 1858. Letters of Capt. The price of wood in Salt Lake City is from twelve to twenty dollars a cord. Meanwhile, how hearts were heating in the States with anxious apprehension for the safety of kindred and friends, those who felt that anxiety, and not those who were the objects of it, best know. The first page has Secretary of War John B. Floyd's letter to the Speaker of the House, James L. Orr, dated Apr. The Utah Expedition (Part II) Its causes and consequences. CAMP NEAR FORT BRIDGER, UTAH TERRITORY Monday, Dec. 14, 1857. The only known mode of avoiding a passage through this gorge was by a circuitous route, following the eastern slope of the rim of the Great Basin northward, more than a hundred miles, to Soda Springs, at the northern bend of Bear River, the principal tributary of the Salt Lake, — then crossing the rim along the course of the river, and pursuing its valley southward, and that of the Roseaux or Malade, into Salt Lake Valley. Originally published as "The Utah Expedition" by the Arthur H. Clark Co. in 1958, this is a documentary history of this important military operation in 1857-58. Meanwhile, Utah communities were called upon to equip a thousand men for a spring campaign. Among the mountains the sage is the chief material of the traveller’s fire. When President James Buchanan decided to flex federal muscle against Utah Territory and ‘the Mormon problem,’ he ignited a full rebellion that, before … General Harney also tarried in Kansas, intending to wait until after the October election there, at which disturbances were anticipated that it might be necessary to quell by force. The Indian tribes along the way are numerous and formidable, the road passing through country occupied by Pawnees, Cheyennes, Sioux, Arapahoes, Crows, Snakes, and Utahs. Nearly a third of the horses died from cold, hunger, and fatigue; everything that could be spared was thrown out to lighten the wagons, and the road was strewn with military accoutrements from the Rocky Ridge to Green River. The Utah Expedition, 1857-1858: Letters Of Jesse A. Gove, 10th Infantry, U.S.A. The Mormon marauding parties, on the contrary, which it now became evident were hovering on every side, were all well mounted and tolerably well armed. Create lists, bibliographies and reviews: or Search WorldCat. In these rites, which are symbolical of the mystery of procreation, both sexes participate, clad in loose flowing robes of white linen, with cleansed bodies and anointed hair. The civil officers of the Territory fixed their quarters in a little nook in the wood above the military camp. Reserved. The regiment of dragoons was detailed to guard them. He and other leaders often spoke of abandoning and burning their settlements rather than permitting their occupation by enemies, as had happened in Missouri and Illinois. Join us on our best overland adventure yet: Expedition Utah. Thomas Walker was born in Virginia on January 25, 1715. April 20, 2016. It was an act of devotion which has rarely been excelled in Indian history. Photo Credit: Emma Morley The anticipation is building more and more everyday and each conference call we participate in seems to feed our excitement even more. Read part two here and part three here. Still, in numbers at least, it dwarfed the earlier Mormon flights from Missouri and Illinois: about 30,000 people moved fifty miles or more to Provo and other towns in central and southern Utah. The only apparent reasons for this military operation are those described in the letters of federal officials W.F.M. The exploration that brought fame to Hayden was his Yellowstone expedition which was organized in, and left from, Ogden, Utah on 11 June 1871. He was able to do nothing except to send orders to the other trains on the road to halt, concentrate, and await the escort of Brevet Colonel Smith, of the Tenth Infantry, who had started from the frontier in August with the two companies mentioned as having been left behind in Minnesota, and by rapid marches had already reached the Sweetwater. Poll, Richard D. "The Move South." For nearly three years the country had been convulsed by an agitation of the Slavery question, originating with Senator Douglas, which culminated in the Presidential election of 1856. The first page has Secretary of War John B. Floyd's letter to the Speaker of the House, James L. Orr, dated Apr. It had been satisfactorily established, that the Mormons, acting under the influence of leaders to whom they seemed to have surrendered their judgment, refused to be controlled by any other authority; that they had been often advised to obedience, and these friendly counsels had been answered with defiance; that officers of the Federal Government had been driven from the Territory for no offence except an effort to do their sworn duty, while others had been prevented from going there by threats of assassination; that judges had been interrupted in the performance of their functions, and the records of their courts seized, and either destroyed or concealed; and, finally, that many other acts of unlawful violence had been perpetrated, and the right to repeat them openly claimed by the leading inhabitants, with at least the silent acquiescence of nearly all the rest of the population. That night more than five hundred animals perished from hunger and cold, and the next morning the camp was encircled by their carcasses, coated with a film of ice. It had either been burned by the Mormons or consumed by their cavalry. In the pavilion of the Fifth Infantry, there drooped over the company the flags which that regiment had carried, ten years before, up the sunny slopes of Chapultepec, and which were torn in a hundred places by the storm of bullets at Molinos del Rey. View on timesmachine. [Cornelius Conway] Home. On the 27th of September, two bands of mounted men moved towards the farm from the neighboring towns of Springville and Payson. Accompanied by only thirty-five picked men, all volunteers, and by two guides, he started for Taos, November 27th, — an undertaking from which, at that season of the year, the most experienced mountaineers would have shrunk. A proper, as an unofficial mediator strained both capital and morale camp Floyd and the buffalo their... 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